祁连山北坡流域冰川物质平衡波动及其对河西水资源的影响   总被引：16，自引：27，他引：16  

沈永平  刘时银  甄丽丽  王根绪  刘光 《冰川冻土》2001,23(3):244-250

祁连山北坡各流域发育有现代冰川 2 166条 ,总面积 13 0 8km2 ,冰储量 60km3,冰川融水补给河流约 8× 10 8m3·a-1,占河西地表总径流量的 11% .近 4 0a来 ,东段石羊河流域冰川物质平衡 (Bn)呈较大负平衡 ,Bn在 - 80～ - 12 0mm间 ;西段的讨勒河、疏勒河和党河流域冰川具正物质平衡 ,Bn在+ 5 0～ + 90mm ;黑河流域的冰川处于过渡区 ,其冰川物质平衡多年平均在 - 4 0～ + 4 0mm间 .冰川物质平衡的变化直接影响着河流径流的变化 ,洪水坝河、党河和昌马河的冰川融水补给率达 3 0～ 4 0 %以上 ,东大河、大渚马河、马营河和讨勒河的补给率在 12 %～ 14 %之间 ,而西营河和梨园河仅有 7%左右 .冰川物质平衡逐年变化显示 ,2 0世纪 5 0～ 70年代冰川以负物质平衡为主 ,80年代开始向正的平衡开始转化 ,90年代以正平衡为主 ,主要是冬季气温上升引起的降雪量增加的结果 .在全球气温变暖情景下 ,东段冰川物质平衡将呈增加的趋势 ,西段冰川物质平衡将呈下降的趋势 ,将使西段以冰川融水补给的河流径流增加 ,而东段石羊河流域径流下降明显 .  相似文献   

冷涡背景下一次致灾超级单体雹暴过程的数值模拟     

李根  吴福浪  郑怡 《气象科技》2021,49(2):218-226

利用WRF模式,结合自动站观测资料、多普勒雷达资料和NECP再分析资料,对2018年6月13日山东中部一次冰雹天气过程的环流背景、触发和维持机制、雹云流场结构特征以及冰雹形成机制进行分析。结果表明:本次冰雹天气过程是在华北冷涡背景下,由中尺度地面辐合线触发生成的超级单体雹暴过程。降雨和下沉气流引发的地面冷池进一步增强了地面辐合;雹云顶端强辐散出流的抽吸作用是动力不稳定维持机制。WRF模式模拟的雹云具有有界弱回波、回波悬垂等超级单体特征。模拟雹云的成熟阶段0℃高度位于4km,超过40dBz的回波高度达到12km;在流场上主体为上升运动,且上升运动两侧存在上升→下沉→上升运动的转换,有利于冰雹的碰并增长。雪晶最初由过冷云水和云冰碰并生成,之后通过碰并过冷水转化为霰粒子,为冰雹生成提供了充足的雹胚。霰粒子和雹粒子在上升运动的带动下反复经过雹云中的过冷水累积带有利于自身不断增长并转化形成大冰雹。  相似文献   

复合蛋白源替代鱼粉对大菱鲆生长、体组成和表观消化率的影响     

董纯  周慧慧  麦康森  徐玮  何艮 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(4):27-34

本实验旨在研究谷朊粉、宠物级鸡肉粉、脱脂肉骨粉、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉复合替代0%(对照组,CON)、35%(FM35)、50%(FM50)、65%(FM65)、80%(FM80)鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)生长、体组成和表观消化率的影响。设计5组等氮等能(粗蛋白52%,总能19kJ/g)的饲料,养殖鱼初重(8.63±0.01)g,养殖周期9周。结果显示,替代组体末重、增重率和特定生长率显著低于CON(P0.05),而摄食率和成活率各处理组之间没有显著变化(P0.05)。替代组饲料效率和蛋白质效率随着替代水平的升高而降低,FM65和FM80饲料效率和FM80蛋白质效率显著低于CON(P0.05)。复合蛋白替代鱼粉对鱼体水分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪没有显著影响(P0.05),但替代组鱼体灰分显著高于CON(P0.05)。除FM35干物质表观消化率与CON没有显著差异(P0.05),其他替代组的干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率均显著低于CON(P0.05)。研究表明,该比例复合蛋白源替代鱼粉水平应不超过35%。  相似文献   

顾及传播曲面的多波束波束脚印高精度快速归位算法     

毕自军  赵建虎  郑根  刘美琴 《测绘学报》2021,50(5):695-705

针对传统多波束波束脚印位置归算方法忽视收/发换能器位置差异给深水测深带来的显著影响,以及新算法虽顾及收/发差异但效率偏低的问题,本文提出一种顾及传播曲面的高精度快速波束脚印位置归算算法:①基于多波束测量和声线传播原理,提出波束传播曲面模型;②将扇区内波束分为插值结点和待插值点;针对前者,提出采用迭代搜索和插值的方法避免建立完整的传播曲面;③针对后者,利用插值结点参数,提出基于多项式插值的方法获取其发射单程时间和声线俯角、方位角;④综合完成所有波束脚印位置归算.浅水和中深水区试验表明,本文方法的交叉线检验精度与Cari s相近,且均优于传统算法;相较Cari s计算结果,本文同号波束脚印的深度偏差分别为0.35‰水深和0.11‰水深,且计算效率分别提高了8％ 和35％.  相似文献   

新疆伊热达坂铅锌矿矿床地质特征及找矿标志     

向浩予  王立强  陈根 《四川地质学报》2010,30(2):210-211

伊热达坂铅锌矿区位于塔里木微板块的塔里木北缘古生代被动陆缘带,阿尔彼什麦晚古生代前陆盆地,矿体主要赋存于上泥盆统哈孜尔布拉克组下段（D3h1）。本文主要对伊热达坂铅锌矿床地质特征进行分析和总结,初步揭示矿床的找矿标志。  相似文献   

Spatial changes in a macrozoobenthic community along environmental gradients in a shallow brackish lagoon facing Sendai Bay, Japan   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Gen Kanaya  Eisuke Kikuchi   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):674-684

The spatial distribution, abundance, and assemblage structure of macrozoobenthos were examined at 45 stations in a brackish lagoon (Idoura Lagoon, Japan) to examine the animal–environmental relations in estuarine soft-bottom habitats. We found a total of 23 taxa; the polychaetes Heteromastus sp., Hediste spp., and Prionospio japonica and the isopod Cyathura muromiensis numerically dominated the community. Cluster analysis and one-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) identified seven groups of stations that had significantly different macrozoobenthic communities; these were subsequently consolidated into five habitat groups according to their association with environmental characteristics. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that salinity, silt-clay content, and the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) of the sediment strongly affected the macrozoobenthos distribution pattern in the lagoon, whereas other factors (e.g., relative elevation of the habitat and sediment organic content) had much weaker effects. Similarity percentages (SIMPER) procedures indicated that the polychaete Notomastus sp. and the bivalve Macoma contabulata were specific to habitats with low salinity and reduced mud, whereas the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea was specific to sandy bottoms. Heteromastus sp. and Hediste spp. achieved their highest densities in rather oxidized sediments. The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) content in the sediment was suggested as another possible factor affecting macrozoobenthic density. Our results clearly demonstrate that macrozoobenthic assemblages in estuarine soft-bottoms have high spatial heterogeneity on a small scale (e.g., hundreds of meters) related to physical and chemical environmental changes. Our data also suggested the importance of sediment redox condition (e.g., ORP and AVS content) and sediment grain size as structuring factors in estuarine soft-bottom communities as well as the salinity in the habitat.  相似文献   

Correction to: Preliminary analyses of the Tiejiangwan landslide occurred on April 5, 2021 in Hongya County,Sichuan Province,China     

Liu  Bo  Hu  Xiewen  He  Kun  Li  Gen  Liu  Xin  Luo  Gang  Xi  Chuanjie  Zhou  Ruichen 《Landslides》2022,19(8):2053-2053

  相似文献   

海滩修复养护技术发展趋势与前景          下载免费PDF全文

戚洪帅  刘根  蔡锋  朱君  刘建辉  雷刚  何岩雨  郑吉祥  曹惠美 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(1):111-125

海岸侵蚀是沿海各国面临的共同问题,海滩养护是当前砂质海岸保护的最佳手段,在全球范围内得到广泛应用。本文回顾了海滩养护技术的发展历程,总结了世界范围的海滩养护实践,分析各国海滩养护理念上存在的差异。以研究文献为基础,总结归纳了平面和横向剖面的补砂方式、辅助工程技术和海滩模型预测等方面的海滩养护技术研究进展,并在此基础上提出了海滩养护的未来发展趋势:①针对复杂海岸的海滩养护应用拓展;②基于沉积物管理的海滩养护修复;③从地貌系统到生态系统全面考虑的海滩养护技术;④全球砂源赤字条件下的海滩保护和修复思路。  相似文献   

资源三号卫星影像纠正的方法研究     

王檄  许根  张长河 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(1):118-121

影像的应用前提是影像处理,大气校正可消除大气和光照等因素对地物发射的影响。在此基础上,介绍几种常用的几何纠正方法,可消除系统和非系统因素引起的影像几何变形。本文通过对资源三号卫星的基本参数信息和相对应影像数据特点的介绍,先通过大气校正,校正后的影像分别使用几何纠正的几种方法,并通过各种方法的计算量、实用性以及相应的精度,对比分析各种方法在处理这种数据时的优越性。  相似文献   

Climate conditions and relative abundance of C<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>4</Subscript> vegetation during the past 40 ka inferred from lake sediments in Wudalianchi,northeast China     

Gen Wang  Yongli Wang  Zhifu Wei  Baoxiang Wu  Zixiang Wang  Zepeng Sun  Liang Xu  Youxiao Wang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,58(2):243-256

Paleoclimate and paleovegetation changes over the last 40 cal ka were recorded by multiple variables in a sediment core from Qingshi, Wudalianchi City, northeast China. The history of vegetation types inferred from n-C₂₇/n-C₃₁ and average chain length of n-alkanes indicates the paleovegetation went through several distinct stages, consistent with pollen records from the study area. Compound-specific carbon isotope composition was also determined for C₂₇, C₂₉ and C₃₁ n-alkanes in the Qingshi core sediments. The relative abundance of C₃ and C₄ plants was calculated using a binary model and indicates that C₃ plants were the dominant input during the last glacial and Holocene. There were, however, shifts in the ratio of C₃ to C₄ vegetation abundance that correspond to changes in climate conditions. Generally, the long-term trend towards greater C₄ plant abundance from the last glacial to Holocene correlated with an increase in pCO₂, higher temperature, greater precipitation and more growing season precipitation. Our results suggest that temperature and seasonality of precipitation played a strong role in altering the relative abundance of C₃ and C₄ plants in the study area. These results provide information for predicting future vegetation changes in response to on-going global warming.  相似文献